How Does Payment Extinguish an Obligation in the Philippines?
Learn when payment legally extinguishes an obligation, what counts as complete performance, and which records protect both debtor and creditor.
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Fortuitous Events and Force Majeure in Philippine Contracts
Learn when an unforeseen event may excuse contractual nonperformance, the required elements, exceptions, proof and practical response steps.
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Collecting Unpaid Debt: What a Creditor Must Prove, Interest and Defenses
What a creditor must prove to collect an unpaid debt in the Philippines: evidence checklist, demand, interest and penalty computation, and the defenses that can defeat or reduce the claim.
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Can You Cancel a Contract After Signing It in the Philippines?
Learn when a signed contract may be cancelled, resolved or annulled, when mutual consent is needed, and what happens to payments and property.
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Are Oral Agreements Legally Binding in the Philippines?
Learn when oral contracts are binding, how the Statute of Frauds applies to executory agreements, and what evidence can prove the deal.
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Void vs Voidable vs Unenforceable Contracts in the Philippines
Compare void, voidable and unenforceable contracts, who may challenge or ratify them, and what evidence and deadlines matter.
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Rescission vs Resolution of Contract in the Philippines
Learn the difference between resolution for substantial breach under Article 1191 and rescission for lesion or prejudice under Articles 1380–1389.
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When Is a Debtor in Delay or Default in the Philippines?
Understand when legal delay begins under Article 1169, when demand is unnecessary, and what consequences and evidence matter.
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Demand Letter for Breach of Contract: Is It Required Before Filing a Case?
Learn when a demand letter is legally required for contract default, when Article 1169 provides exceptions, and what the letter should contain.
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Breach of Contract in the Philippines: Rights, Proof, and Remedies
A practical Philippine guide to proving breach of contract, choosing performance, resolution or damages, and preserving the evidence needed.
