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Use this hub to understand who the law recognizes as a person, when legal personality begins and ends, who can act independently, and how identity and civil-registry problems are resolved. Start with legal personality, then move to capacity, domicile, civil status, names, or birth-record correction.
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Authority
A Philippine passport is government property that proves identity and citizenship, follows your PSA record, is applied for by whoever holds parental authority over a child, and can be refused only on grounds the law names. How the Civil Code, Family Code and RA 11983 fit together.
Local civil registrars and Philippine consular civil registries may administratively correct qualifying clerical errors and specified entries under RA 9048 and RA 10172.
Changing a name and correcting an erroneous civil-registry entry are different remedies with different administrative and judicial requirements.
Civil status describes legally significant personal conditions recorded or recognized by law, and is commonly proved through civil-registry records and judicial or administrative documents.
Residence concerns where a person lives; domicile is the legally significant home associated with habitual residence and an intention to remain or return.
Age, mental condition, judicial restrictions and the nature of the transaction can affect contractual consent and whether a contract is voidable or enforceable.
Natural persons are human beings; juridical persons are legal entities recognized by law with personality separate from their members in applicable cases.
Civil personality ends at death; property, obligations and succession consequences are then governed by law, contract and the person’s will.
A conceived child may receive legally favorable rights in inheritance, donations and related civil matters if the Civil Code conditions are satisfied.
Civil personality generally begins at birth, while a conceived child is treated as born for purposes favorable to the child subject to Civil Code conditions.