Philippine civil law recognizes actual, moral, nominal, temperate, liquidated, and exemplary damages. This guide explains what each type is for, what must be proven, and how to identify the right claim.
Under Philippine law, most of an estate is not freely disposable. Compulsory heirs — legitimate children and descendants, legitimate parents and ascendants in their default, the surviving spouse, and illegitimate children — are entitled to a reserved share called the legitime, and a will can dispose only of what is left after those legitimes are…
If the easement legally exists, no. The owner of the servient land keeps the soil but may not impair the use of the passage, and the remedy is an action to enforce the easement with an injunction. The first question is always whether the easement exists at all.
Get the certified true copy yourself, read every annotation, match the land on the ground, verify the seller’s authority, and clear mortgages and adverse claims before you pay. The copy the seller shows you proves nothing on its own.
Your options depend on the boundary evidence, the builder’s good or bad faith and the landowner’s conduct. Learn the Article 448 choices, notice evidence and when barangay conciliation or court relief may apply.
A co-owner may use the common property, but not in a way that shuts the others out. Renting it out alone is a different matter: the income belongs to everyone in proportion to their shares, and it must be accounted for.
Sometimes – and never against registered land. Whether decades of occupation turn into ownership depends on whether the land is titled, privately owned but untitled, or public land, and on the character of the possession itself.
The right remedy depends on two facts: how the occupation started, and how long ago. Within one year it is a summary ejectment case; beyond that it becomes a plenary action. Here is how to tell which one you have, and what to do first.
If your lot is surrounded by other properties with no adequate outlet to a public road, the Civil Code lets you demand a right of way through a neighboring estate after paying proper indemnity. Here are the four requisites, how the route is chosen, and what it costs.
A co-owner can sell his own undivided share without asking anyone. What he cannot do is sell the whole property, or a specific portion of it, and bind the others. Here is what such a sale actually transfers and what the remaining co-owners can do about it.