Demand Letter for Breach of Contract: Is It Required Before Filing a Case?
Learn when a demand letter is legally required for contract default, when Article 1169 provides exceptions, and what the letter should contain.
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Breach of Contract in the Philippines: Rights, Proof, and Remedies
A practical Philippine guide to proving breach of contract, choosing performance, resolution or damages, and preserving the evidence needed.
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What Makes a Contract Valid in the Philippines?
Learn the essential requirements of a valid Philippine contract, what defects affect consent, object or cause, and what evidence to preserve.
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What Happens to a Deceased Person’s Debts? Do the Heirs Have to Pay?
Do heirs inherit a deceased person’s debts in the Philippines? Learn how estate obligations are paid, the heirs’ liability limit, creditor claims, and why debts are settled before distribution.
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Dog Bite Liability: Who Pays Medical Bills and Other Damages?
Learn who may be liable for a dog bite in the Philippines under Article 2183, what defenses apply, and what medical expenses and other damages may be claimed.
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Abuse of Rights Under Articles 19, 20, and 21: When Can You Sue?
Learn when the exercise of a legal right can become actionable under Articles 19, 20, and 21 of the Civil Code, what bad faith means, what must be proven, and what damages may be claimed.
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Moral Damages in the Philippines: When Can You Claim Them?
Learn when moral damages may be awarded in the Philippines, what must be proven, what evidence can support the claim, and when courts may deny recovery.
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Actual, Moral, Exemplary, and Other Damages: What Is the Difference?
Philippine civil law recognizes actual, moral, nominal, temperate, liquidated, and exemplary damages. This guide explains what each type is for, what must be proven, and how to identify the right claim.
