How Philippine courts compute damages in civil cases: proving actual damages, lost earnings and the loss-of-earning-capacity formula, temperate, moral, nominal and exemplary damages, legal interest, and what reduces an award, with worked examples.
Quick answer: Temperate or moderate damages may be awarded when the court is satisfied that a pecuniary loss occurred but the exact amount cannot be proved with certainty. They are more than nominal damages but less than fully proved compensatory damages. Governing rule Temperate damages are one of the six kinds of damages listed in…
Learn when moral damages may be awarded in the Philippines, what must be proven, what evidence can support the claim, and when courts may deny recovery.
Philippine civil law recognizes actual, moral, nominal, temperate, liquidated, and exemplary damages. This guide explains what each type is for, what must be proven, and how to identify the right claim.