How to Handle a Civil Dispute Over Unpaid Debt in the Philippines
Check an unpaid debt in the Philippines: organize evidence, reconcile payments, estimate interest, and understand demand, settlement and court options.
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Extinguishment of Obligations: How a Debt Legally Ends
The six ways an obligation ends under Article 1231 of the Civil Code: payment, loss, condonation, merger, compensation and novation, plus prescription, the proof each needs and what to do next.
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Negotiorum Gestio in the Philippines: Managing Property Without Permission
Negotiorum gestio arises when you take charge of someone’s neglected property without authority. Learn the gestor’s duties, when the owner must reimburse expenses, the six-year deadline, and what to do next.
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Contract of Sale in the Philippines: How It Works, Step by Step
A stage-by-stage guide to the contract of sale under the Philippine Civil Code: perfection, form, delivery and transfer of ownership, the seller’s warranties, the buyer’s duties, special rules, and what to do when a sale goes wrong.
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Remedies for Non-Payment or Non-Performance in the Philippines
Your remedy depends on what was promised: collect money with interest, compel delivery, have work done or undone at the debtor’s cost, or cancel a reciprocal contract, plus damages. Steps, defenses, deadlines and where to file.
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What Counts as a Breach of Obligation Under Philippine Law?
Article 1170 of the Civil Code recognizes four kinds of breach: fraud, negligence, delay and contravention of the tenor of the obligation. A checklist of each test, the defenses that defeat a claim, damages, deadlines and what to do next.
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Kinds of Obligations Under the Philippine Civil Code
The Civil Code classifies obligations as pure, conditional, with a period, alternative, facultative, joint or solidary, divisible or indivisible, and with a penal clause. Here is what each kind means and what to do next.
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Is This Contract Legally Binding? A Step-by-Step Review Checklist
A seven-step reading checklist for reviewing a Philippine contract, identifying possible defects and gathering records for legal advice. Includes the contract classifications, practical questions and limits to check before choosing a remedy.
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Breach of Contract vs Quasi-Delict: Contractual Liability and Culpa Aquiliana Compared
How liability for breach of contract (culpa contractual) differs from liability for quasi-delict (culpa aquiliana) under the Philippine Civil Code: source, burden of proof, the employer’s diligence defense, damages and deadlines.
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Cash Sale vs Installment Sale in the Philippines: Ownership, Default and Buyer Protection
How a cash sale and an installment sale differ under Philippine law: when ownership passes, what the seller can do if the buyer defaults, and when the Maceda Law or the Recto Law protects the buyer.
