How a Contract Is Formed: Offer, Acceptance and Consent
When does a Philippine contract become binding? A step-by-step guide to offer, acceptance, withdrawal, option money and the defects that make consent voidable.
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Solutio Indebiti: How to Recover Money Paid by Mistake
Paid or transferred money by mistake? Under Article 2154 of the Civil Code (solutio indebiti), the recipient must return it. Here is what you must prove, what the recipient owes, the six-year deadline and the steps to recover it.
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Statute of Frauds: Which Philippine Contracts Need a Writing
Which Philippine contracts must be in writing under Article 1403(2), what kind of signed note is enough, and how partial performance or ratification can still make an oral deal enforceable.
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Someone Won’t Return Your Money or Property? Your Options
If someone refuses to return your money or property in the Philippines, your remedy depends on how they got it: a loan, a borrowed item, a deposit, a mistaken transfer or a cancelled deal. Here is how to demand it back, when barangay conciliation comes first, which case to file and how long you have.
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How to Handle a Civil Dispute Over Unpaid Debt in the Philippines
Check an unpaid debt in the Philippines: organize evidence, reconcile payments, estimate interest, and understand demand, settlement and court options.
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B2B Contract Disputes vs Consumer Disputes in the Philippines
A side-by-side comparison of business-to-business contract disputes and consumer disputes in the Philippines: which law applies, where to file, what remedies are available, and how long you have.
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Common Mistakes in Philippine Service and Supply Contracts
The costliest mistakes in Philippine service agreements and supply contracts — vague scope, no acceptance process, unwritten interest, badly drafted penalties, unauthorized signatories — with the Civil Code rule behind each and a practical fix.
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How Philippine Civil Law Applies to Business–Customer Contracts
The Civil Code sets the base rules for every business–customer contract; the Consumer Act and e-commerce laws add protections when the customer is a consumer. Here is how the layers fit, stage by stage.
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Civil Law Risks Every Philippine Business Should Watch For
A practical checklist of the civil law issues Philippine businesses face most — contracts, non-payment, delay, penalty clauses, employee liability, and filing deadlines — with the Civil Code rules that decide them.
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Lease Expired but Tenant Refuses to Leave: What Can the Landlord Do?
When a fixed-term lease ends, the tenant’s right to stay ends with it, and the landlord can recover the property through an unlawful detainer (ejectment) case in the Municipal Trial Court, not by force. Before filing, send a written notice to vacate, check that the lease was not impliedly renewed, and go through barangay conciliation…
